This […] [30] Julie M. Stamm et al., Age of First Exposure to Football and Later-life Cognitive Impairment in Former NFL Players, Neurology, 84(11): 1114-1120 (2015). [53] Christie Aschwanden, Football’s Concussion Crisis Is Awash with Pseudoscience, Wired.com, Oct. 2, 2019. Professor of Philosophy College of Mount St. Joseph This book is a work in progress that is offered for free to anyone Are college (and high school) players sufficiently mature to make reasoned judgments based on such disclosures? It just requires that people follow the rules and do their duty. [44] Julie Mack, What Parents Need to Know about Football, Concussions and Head Injuries, mlive.com, Nov. 24, 2019, at https://www.mlive.com/news/2019/11/what-parents-need-to-know-about-football-and-head-injuries.html (quoting neuroscientist Julie Stamm). He proceeds by analyzing and elucidatingcommonsense ideas about morality, including the ideas of a “goodwill” and “duty”. Autonomy is concerned with individuality and a person's unique wishes and values. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. [36] Munro Cullum, Is Football Bad for the Brain? If you took a utilitarian approach to answering this question, what would your reasoning look like? How do the tau clumps relate to the clinical syndrome—do the lesions fully explain the mood and memory problems? [86] Ted Tatos, Playing Games with College Athletes’ Lives, The American Prospect, May 20, 2020. Discuss your reasoning. Deontology is comprised of two components, which are the Myanmar amber is plentiful, high quality and contains inclusions within the resin. Some argue against paternalism and in favor of individual choice, believing that adults (at least) should be able to choose to engage in boxing (and presumably to play football) despite its potentially adverse consequences for brain health. Being Your Best Self, Part 1: Moral Awareness, Being Your Best Self, Part 2: Moral Decision Making, Being Your Best Self, Part 3: Moral Intent, Being Your Best Self, Part 4: Moral Action, Ethical Leadership, Part 1: Perilous at the Top, Ethical Leadership, Part 2: Best Practices, Curbing Corruption: GlaxoSmithKline in China, Deontology is an ethical theory that uses rules to distinguish right from wrong. They have a duty to preserve the players’ health, but simultaneously feel pressure to get players back out on the field so the team can win. [88] Kathleen Bachynski, Youth Football is a Moral Abdication, The Atlantic, Feb. 1, 2020. [17] Kevin M. Guskiewicz et al., Association between Recurrent Concussion and Late-Life Cognitive Impairment in Retired Professional Football Players, Neurosurgery 57(4): 719-726 (2005). [39] Atheendar S. Venkataramani et al, Association Between Playing American Football and Long-term Mortality, JAMA, 319(8): 800-806 (2018). Explain. Suicide rates among NCAA football players are the highest among all sports, but they are substantially lower than the general population age 18-22 or college students in that age range. You can hack the network and cancel the launch, but it’s against your professional code of ethics to break into any software system without permission. Thus, Deontology is the study of duty. Over time more evidence has indicated that even mild concussions suffered by high school football players can cause serious consequences. Deontological ethics is a moral philosophy where the usual ethical definition of right or wrong is based on a series of rules to follow instead of the consequences which occur from such a decision. One expert said “It really seems right now that if your [football] practices are highly controlled and reduced as much as possible and you only play four years of high school, your [CTE] risk is probably pretty low.”. Russell, Children and Dangerous Sport and Recreation, Journal of the Philosophy of Sport, 34: 176-193 (2007). Children between the ages of 9 and 14 make up the largest cohort of football players in the U.S. Ethics, Population Health Policy, and Sports-Related TBI, in Sociolcultural Examinations of Sports Concussions (Matt Ventresca & Mary McDonald eds, 2020); Alan Schwarz et al., N.F.L.’s Flawed Concussion Research and Ties to Tobacco Industry, New York Times, March 24, 2016. Alan Schwarz et al., N.F.L.’s Flawed Concussion Research and Ties to Tobacco Industry, New York Times, March 24, 2016. [48] In addition, evidence indicates (and is consistent with the self-serving bias) that industry funding of research often influences results. Deontology derives from the Greek word “deon,” meaning duty or obligation. To say we should never lie seems untenable; but to open the door to lying flies in the face of an aversion captured by Charles Fried’s comment: a good person does not lie. [84] Ted Tatos, Playing Games with College Athletes’ Lives, The American Prospect, May 20, 2020. Deontological ethics suggest that you should always do the right thing, no matter what. MORAL INQUIRY Ronald F. White, Ph.D. Unlike consequentialism, which judges actions by their results, deontology doesn’t require weighing the costs and benefits of a situation. Deontology: Duty-Based Ethics. Discussion Questions on High Schools & Colleges, Discussion Questions on Youth Leagues (Under 14). He saw the moral law as a categorical imperative—i.e., an unconditional command—and believed that its content could be established by human reason alone. Deontology is the theory that a person should do his duty, based on whether the action taken is itself right or wrong under the applicable laws. In some cases, amber contains inclusions, such as insects, whole or parts of animals, and plants that are trapped and preserved. [68] Bill Pennington, Trump Says N.F.L. In the principles of deontology, an action is only regarded as morally good not because the result of the action is good but because of some characteristics of the action itself. Don’t steal. [50] The NFL has also changed rules to discourage helmet-to-helmet contact,[51] and has instituted protocols for safely returning concussed players to the field. This statistic is up 61% from 2002-2007, perhaps reflecting an improvement of awareness and reporting. In essence, fulfilling one’s obligations is ethical, no matter what the impact will be on society. All three? “The Golden Rule” (do unto others as you would have them do unto you) is an example of deontology; it’s a moral rule meant to be followed in all situations, for everyone to live moral lives. …Oxford under the name of deontology (from the Greek. Deontology comes from the Greek word for duty, deon. [8] Such proteins develop in tangles that slowly strangle neurons and, consequently, inhibit brain function.[9]. Deontology is a theory that suggests actions are good or bad according to a clear set of rules. As told in the movies, a significant scientific breakthrough occurred in 2002 when an African-American neuropathologist in Pittsburgh named Bennet Omalu (played by Will Smith in the 2015 movie “Concussion”) performed an autopsy on Hall of Fame center Mike Webster. Deontological ethics has at least three important features. [29] Julie Mack, What Parents Need to Know about Football, Concussions and Head Injuries, mlive.com, Nov. 24, 2019, at https://www.mlive.com/news/2019/11/what-parents-need-to-know-about-football-and-head-injuries.html (quoting neuroscientist Julie Stamm). Deontology (or Deontological Ethics) is an approach to Ethics that focuses on the rightness or wrongness of actions themselves, as opposed to the rightness or wrongness of the consequences of those actions (Consequentialism) or to the character and habits of the actor (Virtue Ethics). [13] Michael L. Alosco et al., Repetitive Head Impact Exposure and Later-Life Plasma Total Tau in Former National Football League Players, Alzheimer’s & Dementia: Diagnosis, Assessment and Disease Monitoring, 7: 33-40 (2017). This article aims to defend a “Rossian” deontology of the kind that was first articulated by David Ross (1930). [10] David W. Lawrence et al., Descriptive Epidemiology of Musculoskeletal Injuries and Concussions in the National Football League, 2021-2014, Orthopedic Journal of Sports Medicine, 2015:3(5):2325967115583653. In deciding whether it is ethical for you to buy amber from Myanmar, do you need to guard against the self-serving bias unduly affecting your decision? ‘Deontology’, or ‘rule-based ethics’, focuses on duty, and the ethical principles derived from generally-accepted rules which guide actions. Deontology respects the integrity of all humans and does not treat people as a means to an end. 51 animated videos - 1 to 2 minutes each - define key ethics terms and concepts. Is this an ethical issue? https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960982216311939?via%3Dihub, “Dodging Rumour and Insurgency: The Hunt for Burmese Amber Goes to the Heart of Myanmar’s Turbulent North,” Financial Post, Jan. 26, 2017. https://business.financialpost.com/commodities/mining/dodging-rumour-and-insurgency-the-hunt-for-burmese-amber-goes-to-the-heart-of-myanmars-turbulent-north, “It is Time to Bring Global Attention to the Trade in Burmese Amber,” NewScientist, May 1, 2019. https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg24232283-300-it-is-time-to-bring-global-attention-to-the-trade-in-burmese-amber/, American football is a rough and dangerous game. New Yorker writer Ingfei Chen observed that Fisher-Price had been required to recall a collapsible crib that was associated with 32 infant deaths. [81] Peter Benson, Big Football: Corporate Social Responsibility and the Culture and Color of Injury in America’s Most Popular Sport, Journal of Sport and Social Issues, 41(4): 307-334 (2017). For example, suppose you’re a software engineer and learn that a nuclear missile is about to launch that might start a war. A decision is right if it conforms to relevant duties, principles,… Utilitarian? Deontological? Actions that obey these rules are ethical, while actions that do not, are not. 57 Daniel Goldberg, What Does the Precautionary Principle Demand of Us? [40] Thomas L. Schwenk, Depression and Pain in Retired Professional Football Players, Medicine & Science in Sports & Leisure, 39(4): 599-605 92007)(but finding that when coupled with difficult with pain, problems with sleep and social relations often followed). Why or why not? How about the reverse—why do many people who believe football players should be free to decide what they do with their bodies take decidedly un-libertarian positions on issues such as abortion, marijuana legalization, and assisted suicide? In deontology, ethical decisions are made according to the principles of duty. Which approach do you think should be used to determine the ethicality of banning, or at least seriously reforming, football to reduce head trauma? It has been suggested at both the NFL and collegiate level that team physicians are faced with conflicting loyalties. Deontology is one of the biggest esteem of psychology and science of morality. [Reporting a concussion] doesn’t make you weak, it means you’re strong.” On the other hand, President Trump has stated that rule changes to diminish head injuries are “ruining the game.”, One scientist said: “Don’t forget there’s risk in everything we do. Explain. [67] Adam M. Finkel & Kevin F. Bieniek, How Public Helath Science Evaluates Evidence, Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 25(3): 564-589 (2019). After a single season, college football players had less midbrain white matter than they had started with. The word Deontology is derived from Greek. [43] Zachary Y. Kerr et al., Concussion Incidence and Trends in 20 High School Sports, Pediatrics 144(5): e20192190. Deontologists primarily define what is “good” or “right” as a function of behavior and the context in which that behavior occurs. What is special about lying that makes us willing to look for all kinds of non-lying ways to accomplish what the lie accomplishes? A study of former NFL players found that those who began playing football before age 12 tended to show greater later-life cognitive impairments as compared to those who began after age 12. See also Michael Cunningham, Player Safety Takes Back Seat as NCAA Rushes to Allow Campus Workouts, Atlanta Journal-Constitution, May 22, 2020. [49] Lisa Bero, Industry Sponsorship and Research Outcome: A Cochrane Review, JAMA Internal Medicine, 173(7): 580-581 (2013). Explain. To determine if actions are right or wrong we do not look at the outcome in deontology. [41] Ashwin L. Rao et al., Suicide in National Collegiate Athletic (NCAA) Athletes: a 9-Year Analysis of the NCAA Resolutions Database, Sports Health 7(5): 452-457 (2015). Despite their heightened susceptibility to concussions, youth football players rarely sustain concussions because they are lighter and collide with less force than older players. [72] Daniel Goldberg, Mild Traumatic Brain Injury, the National Football League, and the Manufacture of Doubt: An Ethical, Legal, and Historical Analysis, Journal of Legal Medicine, 34: 157-191 (2013). What facts would you weigh in making the decision? This favoritism has created ethnic and religious conflicts resulting in government-enforced discrimination. Do you see parallels between the debate as to whether to begin playing football again in the wake of the pandemic and the debate as to whether to abolish or reform football in light of the evidence on brain trauma? In moral philosophy, deontological ethics or deontology (from Greek: δέον, 'obligation, duty' + λόγος, 'study') is the normative ethical theory that the morality of an action should be based on whether that action itself is right or wrong under a series of rules, rather than based on the consequences of the action. Omissions? If you were a university scientist, how would you decide whether it is ethical for you to buy amber from Myanmar? 5. Which ones? In the wake of the recent pandemic, Oklahoma State head football coach Mike Gundy said “In my opinion, if we have to bring our players back, test them. Start studying Deontology and Prima Facie Principles. A documentary and six short videos reveal the behavioral ethics biases in super-lobbyist Jack Abramoff's story. [62] Matt Ventresca, The Curious Case of CTE: Mediating Materialities of Traumatic Brain Injury, Communication & Sport, 7(2): 135-156 (2019). Kant’s theory on deontology is a way of assessing one’s actions. [93] Daniel Goldberg, What Does the Precautionary Principle Demand of Us? Rossian deontology postulates a plurality of basic moral principles, such as the principle not to harm people and the principle of promise keeping. What are the rules of deontology? [65] Daniel Goldberg, What Does the Precautionary Principle Demand of Us? Deontology respects the integrity of all humans and does not treat people as a means to an end. KANT’S OBJECTIONS TO UTILITARIANISM: 1. Pamela R. Sailors, Personal Foul: An Evaluation of the Moral Status of Football, Journal of the Philosophy of Sport, 42(2): 269-286 (2015). [76] Dave Bry, American Football is Too Dangerous, and It Should Be Abolished, The Guardian (UK), Jan. 4, 2016. Don’t steal. Explain. There is no official state religion but the Myanmar government favors the majority Theravada Buddhism population. Would you prevent kids under 14 from playing tackle football? (Roughly, a deontological theory looks at inputs rather than outcomes.) Rather, people are believed to be deserving of respect because of their humanity. Deontological ethics holds that at least some acts are morally obligatory regardless of their consequences for human welfare. It is made from the words deon, which means duty and logos, which stands for study or science. [69] Julie Mack, What Parents Need to Know about Football, Concusions and Head Injuries, mlive.com, Nov. 24, 2019, at https://www.mlive.com/news/2019/11/what-parents-need-to-know-about-football-and-head-injuries.html (quoting neurologist David Kaufman). 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