Another example is gagana fa’aaloalo, which refers to special vocabulary that is used when speaking respectfully, particularly when addressing a Matai. Traditionally, a tatau was a symbol of one’s status and social rank as well as a rite of passage from adolescence to adulthood. There tends to be a distinction between the urban and village areas in Samoa. 2017. Samoan culture is governed by various protocols and etiquette (see the Etiquette section), all in accordance with core values within fa’a Samoa such as family, language, the environment, genealogy, the arts (including tattooing) and political and social structures. Other articles where Samoan is discussed: American Samoa: People: …(more than nine-tenths) is ethnically Samoan; there are tiny minorities of Tongan and Filipino origin and of people of mixed ethnicity. Language: I’m Maori and moderately fluent in my own language, and I know a little simple everyday Samoan from my student days with Samoan flatmates. For example, youth are expected to defer to elders and those of higher status. Statistics describing the country’s About 30 ethnic Samoans, many from American Samoa, currently play in the NFL. , New Zealand was ill-equipped to cope with the Western Samoa mandate it was allocated by the League of Nations in 1920. You can download this cultural profile in an easy-to-read PDF The process of creating a tatau is often prolonged and painful, sometimes taking a few months to complete. Young Samoans … In 2013, 56% of people of Samoan ethnicity could speak Samoan (down from 64% in 2001), although only about 40% were born in Samoa. Although the earlier culture of the Māori displayed social stratification, the classes relatively disappeared with influence and interaction with other cultures. The importance of fa’aaloalo is evident in a number of ways. The Samoans are a Polynesian people closely related to the native peoples of New Zealand, French Polynesia, Hawaii, and Tonga. ‘Tatau’ refers to tattoos or the art of tattooing. For example, Samoans abroad will often send remittances to family members in Samoa as a way to maintain family connections and respect for one another. on the categories listed, the Cultural Atlas substitutes Samoa is a group of islands located in the heart of Polynesia within the southern Pacific Ocean. Samoan also has a polite variant used in formal communication and a colloquial form used in daily communication. For many, living in the city is temporary as they often intend to return to their village later. Samoa lies approximately 80 miles (130 km) west of American Samoa, 1,800 miles (2,900 km) northeast of New Zealand, and 2,600 miles (4,200 km) southwest of Hawaii.Samoa, which shares the Samoan archipelago with American Samoa, consists of nine islands west of longitude 171° W—Upolu, Savai‘i, Manono, and Apolima, all of which are inhabited, and the uninhabited … ›. Leilani Momoisea reports: The Matai was traditionally male, but nowadays women can gain leadership status. The exhibition 'Entangled Islands' chronicles the relationship between New Zealand and Samoa, the bad and better times, and how it's changed both countries. All other statistical information on the demographics of the migrant The relative quiet of New Zealand's wartime administration was shattered by a devastating influenza pandemic in November 1918, which killed approximately 8500 Samoans, about 22% of the population.For survivors, the disaster, and especially the administration's bumbling response to it, was seared into memory. Memoirs of a Samoan, Catholic, and Fa'afafine. New Zealand and Samoa continue to have a close relationship and share a vision for a prosperous and resilient Samoa with a skilled and healthy Samoan population. Department of Home Affairs’ Community Information Summaries. On the other hand, older members appreciate these concepts because they are now receiving tautua and fa‘aaloalo from their children and extended family. Young people are expected to serve and show respect to elders, and can expect to receive love, protection, honour, a name to be proud of, and defence by the family when it is needed. Cowley-Malcolm (2005)7found differences between parenting practices by Samoan parents born and bred in New Zealand and those born in Samoa. For example, being hospitable to friends, family and new acquaintances is very common and valued. Within the family, giving and receiving tautua (service), fa‘aaloalo (respect) and alofa (love) are crucial in Samoan social relations. Some have learnt it through their jobs, or by helping their elders deal with schools and government authorities. In Census 2013, over a third (35.7 percent) of Pacific peoples were aged under 15 years, compared with only a fifth (20.4 percent) of the total population Various values that underpin daily interactions are considered to be a part of fa’a Samoa. The main sports played in Samoa are rugby union and Samoan cricket (kilikiti). The three main pillars of Fa’a Samoa are the matai (chiefs), aiga (extended family), and the Christian church. Genealogies and legends are often passed down and elaborated through the generations. A new place is beckoning.But what do you know about Samoan culture and traditions? its most recent national census. Conversely, Apia (the capital city) contains approximately one-fifth of Samoa’s population. The central element in Samoan culture is the aiga (family). Teuila is a symbol of Samoan culture and is commemorated through the Teuila Festival, one of Samoa’s most celebrated annual events. Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 New Zealand Licence. You are on the verge of making an overseas move to the beautiful islands of Samoa. In Samoa there’s a ‘third gender’ – the Fa’afafine. A New Zealand-based Samoan chief has been sentenced to 11 years in prison for human trafficking and using 13 of his countrymen as slaves over a 25-year period. Director: Stallone Vaiaoga-Ioasa | Stars: Neil Amituanai, Gloria Blake, Susana Fanueli, Valelia Ioane Votes: 161 create a new list From there, the artist will design a tatau. The second type of matai are the Tulafale, the talking chiefs, who usually fulfil the many oral traditions and duties within fa’a Samoa. It’s as … Contemporary Samoan culture, music, dance and art continue to gain popularity throughout the Pacific Islands and around the world more broadly. The New Zealand Government supports Samoa to foster economic development and adapt to and mitigate the impacts of climate change. Samoan Language Week, she said, was important because of New Zealand's multi-cultural society. For women, the tatau is called malu and it covers the legs from the upper thighs to the knees. For example, people tend to be communal and share their goods rather than prizing their individual ownership. Coconut Milk. Matai tend to gain status and influence through accumulating resources as well as their ability to mobilise and redistribute them. Quoted in M. Anae, ‘Fofoaivaoese: identity journeys of New Zealand-born Samoans.’ PhD thesis, University of Auckland, 1998. Many younger Samoans have difficulty accepting tautua and fa‘aaloalo, and the unquestioning obedience required of children. 2013. This study attempts to look at the influence that fa'aSamoa (Samoan Culture) has on churches in New Zealand, based on the experiences of Samoans from the Pacific Islanders Presbyterian Church and Congregational Christian Church of Samoa. The first is the high chief of the country, village or family – known as the Ali’i. linguistic, religious and ethnic demographics are based on In this system, society is organised by extended families (aiga), with each family having its own ‘Matai’ (‘chief’ or ‘leader’) titles that are connected to certain districts, villages and plots of family land. Because t… Matai are also seen as spiritual caretakers of all those who fall under their authority. © Crown Copyright. the most recent global estimates cited in the CIA World Factbook. Ia e Ola Malamalama i lou Faasinomaga, A Comparative Study of the Faafafine of Samoa and the Whakawahine of Aotearoa-New Zealand. Nonetheless, the fa’a Matai system persists as an integral part of fa’a Samoa. The newly formed United Nations extended New Zealand's mandate until January 1, 1962, when Western Samoa, or Samoa i Sisifo as the Samoans called it, became the first independent Polynesian nation. While village and city life differ in terms of work and lifestyle, there are general similarities across both settings. In contemporary Australia, the size of the Samoan community may be underestimated due to migration via New Zealand. Generally, there are two types of Matai, each with different duties. Most Samoans have lived in coastal villages and continue to do so, with about four-fifths of the population located in rural areas. (indicating when these statistics were last updated). Cooperation and consensus are also common principles that influence interactions with others. Do you mean the people or their languages? We have a drinking culture in New Zealand, but it is fine to have non-alcoholic drinks when you are socialising. "And because there is a large number of Samoans now living in Auckland, so they need to embrace their culture. Misatauveve Melani Anae, 'Samoans - Culture and identity', Te Ara - the Encyclopedia of New Zealand, http://www.TeAra.govt.nz/en/samoans/page-3 (accessed 6 February 2021), Story by Misatauveve Melani Anae, published 8 Feb 2005, updated 25 Mar 2015. To be a Taupou, the woman is generally connected to the family or village by blood and is the daughter of an Ali’i. Fa’a Samoa celebrates traditional values, culture and environment. Most people will visit a local tufuga (tattoo artist) in their early adult years to gain their tatau. For 1956, this meant that one out of every 30 persons born in Western Samoa was residing in New Zealand. Taulapapa McMullin, Dan. 2 Samoan society is generally free of ethnic tension, largely as a result of homogeneity and a history of intermarriage that has … Many New Zealand-born Samoans exploring alternatives take on the PI (Pacific Island) identity. younger than the median age of the New Zealand population (Statistics New Zealand, 2014. New Zealand's administration of Samoa, 1920-35. By 2026, it is projected that New Zealand’s Pacific population will increase to 480,000 people and by 2038 will number 650,000 (Statistics New Zealand, 2015b). For them, proficiency in the language distinguishes those who are truly Samoan. Matai are expected to ensure the family or village is self-sufficient and well-nourished, as well as maintaining social order among all members. However, a number of the children born or raised in New Zealand do not speak Samoan, although they can understand it. There are strict rules against providing alcohol for people under that age. Victoria University of Wellington. A Samoan becomes the Matai of a village through the complex and sophisticated hierarchical Matai system, which includes an election by consensus. statistical department does not formally gather information Samoan language and culture is being celebrated in the country this week under the slogan "Keep your identity alive to thrive." Modern-day Samoans are often friendly and respectful people who are proud of their heritage. Please provide your email to receive your eBook download and receipt. Although some Samoan values and customs have changed since the country came into contact with Europe, Samoans continue to strive to preserve fa’a Samoa. You can find a direct link to all these sources under the ‘References’ Samoan society is based on a collectivist system of governance known as ‘fa’a Matai’. However, Samoans maintained the tradition. The Ali’i are often understood as ‘sitting chiefs’ because they are typically responsible for the most important aspects of Samoan culture and are generally the decision-makers. Most of the population speak Samoan, a language that is believed to be among the oldest of the Polynesian dialects. A diverse, growing population Samoan is the largest of the Pacific ethnic groups For Matai, there are two kinds of gender-specific tatau for male and female. A 2002 article from ESPN estimated that a Samoan male (either an American Samoan, or a Samoan living in the 50 United States) is 40 times more likely to play in the NFL than a non-Samoan American. New Zealand's first act of the First World War, the taking of Samoa from the Germans in 1914, and the legacy of this, has been commemorated at the Auckland War Museum. Since the introduction of a cash economy following contact with Europeans, the power of Matai has been reduced. are out-dated, unavailable, unreliable, or the country’s For a long time, the Society of New Zealand was founded on the principles of equality and classlessness evidenced by the narrow gap between the rich and the poor. Fa’a Samoa refers to a complex cultural code that guides and teaches individuals on how to lead their life. In the 1970s, educational programs sponsored by Australia increased the number of Samoans migrating. Christian missionaries in the 19th century attempted to eliminate the practice of tattooing from many Polynesian islands. CIA World Factbook For people who aren’t Matai, the position of the tatau can vary, with common places being on the arm. There’s a ‘third gender’ in Samoa. 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