Clinical [plaque index (PI), bleeding on probing (BOP), probing pocket depth (PPD) and clinical attachment loss (CAL)] and radiographic [alveolar bone loss (ABL)] parameters were compared among gutka-chewers and naswar-dippers in the test- and control sites. Effects of smoking on the oxidant/antioxidant balance and the blood lipids in pesticide sprayers. Genetic testing for HPV showed 15(18.9%) samples from Karachi and 20(35.7%) samples from Peshawar, Papilloma virus (HPV) in their oral cavities. The study included 387 consecutive patients. In addition, the activity of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants were more significantly altered in smokers than non-smokers. It is placed about 1 to 1.5 g in the floor of the mouth under the lower lip, or inside the cheek. The current study is focused on developing an easy, efficient and cost-effective method for plasma profiling of oral cancer patients and tobacco users in order to have a progressive picture towards oral cancer. users mean age was 27.71±0.84 and controls, usage may result in oxidative stress, leading to, , alteration in the lipid profile and antioxidant. Naswar dippers (Pathans) (40%) developed other addictions, whereas, subjects (22%) of other ethnicities became habitual to naswar. Smoking and pesticide exposure could be responsible for hyperlipidemia and oxidative stress. In addition to nicotine withdrawal symptoms and cravings, reminders in your daily life of occasions when you normally chew may trigger an urge to dip. 3 ml blood was drawn following overnight 12 hrs fast. You may have to register before you can post: click the register link above to proceed. difference is indicated by *P<0.001 from controls. Methods: The authors' main aim was to investigate biochemical parameters and the oxidative stress associated with the type 2 DR patients and to study gene expression of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) among patients with DR [DR(+)] compared with a. Interpretation & conclusions: The significance of differences in periodontal parameters between the groups was determined using the Kruskal Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests. Conclusions: Self-perceived oral symptoms and periodontal parameters were worse among naswar dippers. Therefore, improvement in the antioxidant status is mandatory for pesticide sprayers especially the ones who smoke. The present study was conducted on 80 pesticide male sprayers (42 nonsmokers and 38 smokers). Chemometric analysis of the data showed a clean separation among the groups. Giving up a tobacco habit can be difficult, but the benefits you’ll receive in return are more than worth it. Selection of literature was done by a survey of studies published from 1990 to 2017 mainly, from PUBMED and few from other search engines, on naswar, gutka, areca nut and betel quid, which included published reviews, original articles and other data sources on chewable tobacco, its epidemiology, pathological implications, and psychological effects. Changes in hematological and biochemical, parameters in smokeless tobacco (ST) chewers in, polymorphism associated with the risk of oral, Shrestha R, Nepal AK, Das BKL, Gelal B and Lamsal M, (2012). Its important to understand the chemistry associated with nicotine addiction.Nicotine withdrawal symptoms can make you cranky. 'Naswar' is a smokeless tobacco product (STP) widely used in Pakistan. These studies have revealed that the chemicals in these formulations bind and mutate DNA of oral mucosa through down regulating cellular repair pathways and upregulating genetic networks associated with pathogenesis. Health effects of smokeless, atherosclerosis, cardiovascular risk factors and C-, reactive protein in relation to smokeless tobacco use or, Boman K and Jansson JH (2007). Cholesterol and LDL were correlated with smoking index and high-density lipoprotein (HDL), superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzyme and zinc (Zn) were inversely correlated with duration of pesticides' exposure. Results: The 293 subjects selected were divided into 3 groups; i. Packed in small polythene bags, the size of tea bags, a. gingival cavity or sometimes under the tongue. Mean blood levels of As and Cd in patients (5.67 and 3.51 μg/L, respectively) were significantly higher than those of controls (1.57 and 0.74 μg/L, respectively). TSNA concentrations observed for all commercial products were lower than historically reported values, likely reflecting changes in product shelf life, tobacco curing practices and, possibly, product blend formulations during the last 20–30 years. Peshawar), ii. This systematic review was undertaken to summarize the evidence available from global literature on the association of SLT with cardiovascular outcomes - heart disease, stroke and HTN. to controls. LDL-C=Low Density Lipoprotein, Cholesterol, HDL-C=High Density Lipoprotein, In the present study we determined the levels of the, antioxidant enzymes GPx and SOD, as well as the lipid, section. Aim: To compare brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD) in subjects who use smokeless tobacco, smoke cigarettes, or do not use any tobacco product. The study population consisted of 200 male subjects divided into two groups; 100 smokers and age- and sex-matched non-smokers 100 subjects were selected. Floss was left in oral rinse and stored at 4°C. The percent loss of dry mass over exposure time and the rate of release of ICTP and CTX from all groups were compared for Paired T test to examine the effects of exposure time. As use of Naswar is quite common in Pakistan, the current study aimed to evaluate levels of the antioxidant enzymes viz glutathione per oxidase (GPx) and super oxide dismutase (SOD), alongside lipid profile parameters such as total cholesterol, triglycerides, High density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) to assess the risk of adverse cardiovascular events in Naswar users.90 Healthy males aged 16-43 years, who consumed Naswar daily, were selected for the study, alongside 68 age-matched non-tobacco users as controls. Oral cancer is one of the major cancer types, which has increased sustainably in Southeast Asian countries due to the extensive use of a variety of tobacco and betel nut products. The HDL-cholesterol level was reduced but the LDL-C/HDL-C ratio and TAG concentrations were increased in men with atherosclerosis, in comparison with controls. Selected toxicant concentrations and other chemical measures have been determined for 43 U.S. smokeless tobacco products sold in 2006 and 2007. Erythrocyte SOD and GPx enzyme activities were measured by spectrophotometry. C until lipid profile parameters analysis. We investigated the total, HDL-, LDL-cholesterol, triacylglycerol (TAG) and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations, as well as the glycerol ester hydrolase (GEH) = lipase and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities in men with atherosclerosis. Objectives: To compare self-perceived oral symptoms and clinical (plaque index [PI], bleeding on probing [BOP], clinical attachment loss [CAL]) and radiographic (marginal bone loss [MBL]) periodontal parameters among naswar (NW) and non-naswar dippers (NNW). users are in a state of oxidative stress (figs. about half an hour it is then spat out (Zakiullah, addictive substance in tobacco. The effects of maras powder (smokeless, antioxidant enzymes super oxide dismutase and, stress biomarkers and antioxidant status in cigarette, Lipid profile, lipase and glutathione per oxidase. activities in the serum of patients with atherosclerosis. HDL was negatively correlated with MDA in all the sprayers, but was correlated with GPx in smokers and with Zn in nonsmokers. Our observations, consumption of antioxidants and thereby placing, gastrointestinal tract cancers as several studies have, other systemic disorders. Region and product-specific well-designed studies are required to provide this evidence to the policymakers. In a study, conducted on 2840 adult smokeless tobacco users, 2.5, times risk of hypercholesterolemia was reported, there are studies conducted mainly on Swedish snuff. *History of Naswar*By the way, snuff (Naswar) are used all over the world, but if we talk about Pakistan, it is used all over the country but is used more by Pukhtoons, some people think that snuff must have been invented by Pathans. Majority of the studies evaluating heart disease or stroke were conducted in the European Region and most of these did not find a significant association between SLT use and either of these outcomes. The free radicals released by tobacco bring about alterations in antioxidant levels in humans and these free radical associated damages are reflected through antioxidant enzyme activities in blood. The results of the present study indicate that FT-IR spectroscopy, in conjunction with chemometric data, can be effectively used for the preliminary differentiation of plasma samples of oral cancer patients, "niswar" users and control samples of healthy persons. Snuff is a form of finely ground smokeless tobacco that many enjoy today as an alternative to cigarettes. The average values of all the toxins studied were well above their allowable limits, making the product a health risk for consumers. The relatively high levels of TAG and lipase, along with the increased MDA concentration, as well as the reduction in the activity of glutathione peroxidase may favour the formation of free radicals responsible for the damage of the endothelium, leading towards atherosclerosis. It is also increasingly known that naswar often causes oral and throat cancer. Increases in GSH were correlated with eGPx, indicating similar inducing mechanisms for these antioxidants. adapted naswar users (158, lipid peroxidation and antioxidant status. The blood levels of As and Cd were mostly significantly higher than those of controls (p < 0.05) after controlling the other risk factors of HNC including tobacco smoking and chewing, and alcohol drinking. Many people choose snuff as a means to gradually quit tobacco products. The main side effects of smoking are caused by nicotine and these side effects, due to their importance, will be explained at the end of this section. This study shows that the production, packaging, sale and consumption of naswar should be regulated so as to protect the public from the health hazards associated with its consumption. The contents may either be swallowed or spat out when desired. Methods: Buner Vines. 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